Sugars are a major form of carbohydrates and are found probably in all green plants. They occur in significant amounts in most fruits and vegetables. There are three main simple sugars sucrose, fructose and glucose. Sugar processing extracts sucrose from raw materials, such as sugarcane and sugar beet, in order to produce the desired final product.
Granulated Sugar Granulated sugar is a highly refined, multi-purpose sugar. It's also sometimes called refined, table, or white sugar. When people talk about "sugar," this is usually what they're talking about.Granulated sugar is made from sugarcane and sugar beets. It's also the most common type of sugar used in baking and cooking.
Caster Sugar Caster sugar is superfine granulated white sugar. Because the crystals are so fine, they dissolve much quicker than standard granulated white sugar, which makes it ideal for making meringues, syrups, and cocktails.
Confectioners Sugar Also referred to as powdered sugar and 10x sugar, this is a type of white sugar that has been ground into a fine powder.
Pearl Sugar Sometimes called nib sugar or hail sugar, pearl sugar is a variety of white sugar that has a coarse, hard texture and an opaque color. It also holds its shape, and doesn't melt when exposed to high temperatures. Pearl sugar is commonly used in Scandinavian baking to decorate pastries, cookies, and buns.